Platform complaints. Use the infringement complaint channels of e-commerce and content platforms to have material deleted, links disabled, or listings removed. This is the fastest route, and the one that scales when the infringement runs across many listings.
Administrative complaints. Report the infringement to the local copyright administration, which can impose administrative penalties on the infringer.
Civil litigation. You can seek an order to stop the infringement together with damages. Damages are assessed in a set order — actual loss, then the infringer's profits, then a reasonable multiple of a licensing fee. Where none of these can be established, statutory damages run from RMB 500 to RMB 5 million (approx. USD 74 to USD 741,000). Where the infringement is intentional and serious, punitive damages of one to five times the assessed amount are available.
Criminal complaints. Available where the infringement is carried out for profit and reaches the threshold for prosecution.
Customs recordal and border enforcement. For imports and exports of goods that incorporate copyright-protected material.
Which route to use depends on how well the evidence has been preserved, the scale of the infringement, and what you are trying to achieve commercially.
